The colourful festival of Holi falls on 6th and 7th March this year. And it signifies the victory of good over evil, as do most of our Hindu festivals, advent of spring, love and joy. The celebrations will begin on 6th evening on Purnima (full Moon day), with everyone gathering around the bonfire for Holika Dahan, also called Chhoti Holi.
The celebration will extend on 7th morning with people sprinkling colour on each other in absolute merriment, without any distinction between caste, creed or gender. This is called Rangwali Holi, Dhuleti, Dhulandi or Phagwan.
Holi festival finds mention is ancient scriptures as well as the seventh century play Ratnavali and draws on two legends from Hindu Mythology. The bonfire is lit during Chhota Holi to symbolise the vanquishing of the demoness Holika by Lord Vishnu. Hiranyakashipu wanted to become immortal and all powerful. He performed severe penance to invoke Lord Brahma. It is said that Lord Brahma granted him five boons in lieu of the boon of immortality which he wanted, that he would not be killed by man or animal, during day or night, inside the house or outside the house, on the ground or in the air, by any weapon. These boons made him almost invincible and he became a tyrant. His hatred for Lord Vishnu was due to Vishnu being the cause of his brother’s death. He even went to the extent of banning the worship of Lord Vishnu in his realm. But as fate would have it, his son Prahlad was a sincere devotee of Lord Vishnu. Hiranyakashipu tried to make Prahlad give up his devotion to Vishnu. Angered by his failure, he wanted to kill his own son and tried various means to do so, but each time, Lord Vishnu saved his devotee. Hiranyakashipu then called on his sister, Holika to help him. Holika had a boon in the form of a shawl that would protect her from being burnt in a fire. According to the plan, Holika would sit covered with her magical shawl on a pyre of wood and the child, Prahlad, on her lap. The pyre would be lit and Prahlad would be burnt to death while Holika would be saved because of her divine shawl. But when the pyre was lit, Lord Vishnu caused a sharp breeze to remove the shawl from Holika’s shoulders and cover Prahlad instead. Prahlad was thus left untouched while the demonness, Holika, was burnt to death. Even today, it is a common practise in some places to offer cereals to the bonfire and sacred hymns are chanted to destroy the evil in our minds. The ash from the bonfire is collected and smeared on the forehead to ward off evil forces.
The morning of the next day is celebrated as Rangwali Holi. This celebration with smearing of colours and splashing coloured water on each other draws its origin apparently from the tales of Krishna and Radha. It is believed that the dark skinned Krishna was worried that the fair Radha and other girls like her would not like him and mentioned this to his mother Yashoda. Yashoda maiyya at once asked him to colour Radha’s face with whatever colour he wanted to, and thus began the tradition of Holi and the splash of colours. Holi celebrations in Braj, Mathura, Gokul, Nandgaon and Vrindavan, places where Krishna spent his childhood, are wonderful to experience. They start a week earlier itself and last for some more days after Holi. Another place where Holi is played with abandon is Barsana, the birthplace of Radha Rani. Here, there is a difference in the way the festival is celebrated. The men of Nandgaon drench the women of Barsana with colours and want to enter the temple of Radhikaji, but the women resist by beating them with sticks, all played with fun and in the right spirit. This is called Latmaar Holi. It is said that Krishna too faced the same fate in the hands of Radha and the other Gopis.
Colours are the essence of holi celebrations. Traditionally natural colours were sourced from plants, herbs, leaves and flowers like yellow from turmeric, green from mehendi and other leaves, violet and blue from indigo and berries, red from flowers like hibiscus and flame of the forest and brown from tea leaves. But in recent times, these have given way to chemical induced synthetic colours which sometimes harm the skin and eyes of people. It is high time we go back to our natural colours and play a safe and wonderful Holi.
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